Quotient mechanise for computing-machines



J. F. MAYS.

ouomm MECHANISM FOR COMPUHNG MAcHlNEs.

lumai/Wet MIJ( J. F. MAYS.

OUTlENT MECHANISM FOR CMPUUNGZMACHINES. APYLICAHON FILED IAN.1|.1919. 1309 536. Patented July 8, 1919,

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J. F1 MAYS..

QUOTIENT MECHANISM FOR coMPUHNG MACHINES.

APPLICAHON FILED JAN. Il. 1919. 1,309,536. Patented July 8, 1919.

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A 6mm,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES F. MAYS, OE BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA, ASSIGNOR T0 MAYS ACCGUNTINGMACHINE COMPANY, OF LEXINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA, .A CORPORATION OF NORTHCARCLINA.

QUOTIENT MECHANISL FOR COMPUTING-MACHINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 8, 1919.

- Application lcd January 11, 1919. Serial IO. 270,705.

-mechanism for calculating machines designed and arranged to performoperations of division, and as to certain of its features is in thenature of an improvement upon the quotient mechanism disclosed andclaimed in my prior application for Letters Patent filed April 30, 1917,Serial No. 165,413.

The invention has for its general object to provide mechanism wherebythe human element is reduced 'to 4a minimum; permitting computations tobe made by purely mechanical or routine operations and without anyconsiderable mental effort, thereby not only reducing the necessaryamount of skill on the part of the operator, but eliminating, to a largeextent, the possibilities of error.

A more particular object ofthe invention is to provide a convenientcombined arrangement of the operating and registerin devices whereby theseveral amounts disp ayed by the machine at the same or diierent times,for example, the dividend and quotient, will occupy such positions withrespect to one another that their relationshi will be readily apparentand the mental e fort required to correlate them correspondinglyreduced.

Another object of the invention is to provide certain mechanical checkswhich will compel the various operationsto be performed in the propermanner and sequence, thereby eliminating the possibilities of errorthrough ignorance or carelessness.

The foregoing and other objects of the invention, together with meanswhereby the same may be carried into effect, will best be'understoodfrom the following description of one form or embodiment thereofillustrated in the accompanying drawings. It will be understood,however, that the particular construction and arrangement described andshown has been chosen for illustrative purposes merely, and that theinvention, as defined by the claims hereunto ap pended, may be otherwisepractised without de arting from the spirit and scope thereof.

n said drawings:

Figure l is a plan view of the complete machine.

Fig. 2 is a substantially' complete longitudina vertical section.

Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view on the line 3-3, Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is aplanwiew, partly broken away,

' of the registering "mechanism, certain of the arts being omitted inorder to simplify the illustration.

Fig. 5 is a rear elevation, partly broken away, of the ,quotientregistering mechanism.

Fig. 6 is an irregular, transverse vertical sectional view takensubstantially on the line 6 6, Figs. 2 and 4, with certain parts brokenaway or omitted.

F1g. 7 is an enlarged vertical section, taken Vsubstantially on theplane of Fig. 2, of one of the quotient dials and certain partsassociated therewith or adjacent thereto.

Fig. 8 is an elevation, partly broken away, looking from the right inFig. 4, of the division key, its locking lever, and certain adjacentparts.

Fig. 9 is a simplified longitudinal vertical sectional View illustratingone of the keys of the machine and its connection with the mainactuating shaft.

Figs. 10 and 11 are detail sections on lines 10--10 and 11-11,respectively, Fig. 4.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged vertical section taken substantially on line12-12, Fig. 4. of the division key and the parts cont-rolled thereby.

Fig. 13 is a section on the line 13*l3, Fi 12.

he machine illustrated, as to its general organization, is of the ty eshown and described in Letters Patent o. 1,220,665, granted tomeMarch27,1917,and comprises an outer casing 20 inclos'ing an inner casing orframe for the computing and registering mechanism, which latter isoperated by a series of columns of keys 21 having finger tips 9.2 uponwhich appear the digits represented by the respective keys, inaccordance with the usual practice in ,machines of this class. In theaccompanying drawings, eight columns of keys are shown, but any desirednumber of columns may be employed. 4

The keys 21, registering devices o erated and controlled thereby', andthe mec anism operatively connecting said keys and registering stantiallsimilar to the corresponding parts disclosedrv and claimdin m riorapplication for Letters Patent filed vl) une 24, 1918, Serial No.241,523, and constitute a `mechanism similar in general principle ofoperation to that disclosed in Letters Patent No. 1,220,665above'referred to, although modified and improved in certainparticulars. Except as hereinafter pointed out, this main or prlmarycomputing and registering mechanlsm constitutes no art of the presentinvention and is not il ustrated in all its details herein but willbe-briefiy described as follows: l

The ke 's 21 are vertically reciprocable through tie top of the casing,are, as above stated, arranged in vertical columns, and the keys in eachcolumn arearranged in a numerical series with the key bearin the numeral1 at the lower end of the co umn or 4at the left in Fig. 2, and with thekey bearing the numeral 9 at-the upper end of the column or at the rightin Fig. 2. The keys bearing the numera s 1 to 6, inclusive, areoperatively connected -to key levers 23, as by means of pins 24 rojectifrom said keys which engage the Eifurcatg ends of Ysaid levers Thelevers 23 corresponding to the keys of each column are pivoted upon abracket 26 (see Fig. 9) at the rear of the machine frame, and engage, atpoints intermediate their ends, a cross member 27 carried by a bar 28which is guided to reciprocate vertically in the frame, and which isprovided with a rack' 29 eooperating with a se ental pinion 30 on a rockshaft 31, one o these shafts being provided foreach column of ke s. ingthe numerals 7 8 and 9 are without key levers, these keys operatingdirectly upon the corres Gliding shaft 31` through racks 32 carri by thekeys and segmental pinions 33 upon the shaft. The shafts 31 arejournaled in suitable transverse members 34 and 35 of the main frame orinner casing, and each shaft is rotated differentially, 1n accordancewith the articular key which is actuated, as explained more fully in myprior application abovereferred to, it being understood that theconstruction is such that the motion im' parted to each shaft 31 for agiven ke depression (which is the same for all the eys) is proportionalto the key depressed. The rock S tion, after each actuation thereof, bysprings 36, and each key is restored to its normal devices as hereinshown are all sub- 488. -.The top of the casing 20 is Kef s bearl afts31 are restored to normal posi-4y elevated position when released bymeans of a spring 37, the upward movement being limited by stop pins190. It will be4 understood that one of these shafts 31 is provided foreach column of keys comprising a unit of the, machine, and that anydesired number of units may be used.

v A primary registering dial 38 is provided for each unit of themachine, and each dial 38 is fixed to a dial shaft 39, the latter beingmounted in suitable bearings in bars 40 and V41, the former constitutingone of the transverse members of the main frame, vand the latter beingsecured, as by screws 92, to a transverse framemember rovided with si htopenings 42 through w ich the numeras on the several dials aresuccessively visible as said dials are progressively rotated. An extradial 38, mounted on a dial shaft 39is preferably provided, saidextra/dial having no actuatm keys, but being employed to receive, trough carrying mechanism the excess amounts accumulated by the dlal 38of highest order, as is usual in machines of this type. The dial shaft39* is journaled in the frame member 40 and in a transverse frame member165.

The dials 38 are driven from the rock shafts. 31 by means of toothedsegments 43 which mesh with pinions 44 loosely mounted on the dialshafts 39 and connected with said dials by suitable ratchet mechanism.as more fully describedin my prior application above referred to. For'the urposes of the present description it is su cient to say that ateach oscillation of a segment 43 the corresponding dial 38 is rotated anamount proportional to the value of the key depressed in thecorresponding column, said ratchet mechanism' being of such a characteras to avoid retrograde actuation of the dials, while permittingindependent forward actuation thereof. `by the carrying mechanismhereinafter referred to, and also preferably com risn means forpreventing overthrow fof t e dia s beyond the amount of movementimparted thereto by the se ent 43. The return or idle movement of t eratchet mechanism is limited by engagement of stop pins 200 carriedthereby with stop lugs 201 on the bar 41.

Overthrow or excess motion of the key-operated dial-actuatingmechanism,Y compris ing the rock shafts 31 and segments 43, is alsoprevented b mechanism substantially similar to that s own in my rior aplica tion referred to. Briefly, sald mec anism comprises a series ofarms 45 secured to each rock shaft 31 and coperating with stops 46pivoted to a supporting bar 47 and coperating with the keys 21. Theseveral stop arms 45 of each series are differentially spaced about theshaft 31 in sucha manner as to engage their respective stops 46 atdifsaid member.

ferent periods in the rotation of said shaft in accordance with thevalue of the key depressed, these arms being located beside therespective key bars, and being set at different angles with respect tothe axis of the shaft 31 according to the extent of rotation which is tobe imparted to said shaft by the different keys. The bars 47, of whichthere is one for each column of keys, end which serve also as guides forthe lower ends of the keys, are preferably angular invcrosssection, andare supported at their ends by the frame members 34 and 35 andintermediate their ends by a third frame Iiiember 48, which also servesas an intermediate support for thershafts 31.' To the latt'er end, saidframe member 48, is provided atits upper edge with notches to receivesaid shafts 31 and with vertical slots 49 to receive the bars 47, thelower flanges of said hars being slotted to receive said member andbeing-supported by pins 50 carried by The stops 46 of each seriescompriselevers pivoted to the vertical flange of the corresponding bar47, the upper end of each stop being bent laterally to overlie acorrespoiidmgly formed projection on the upper edge of said bar, and thelower end of each of said stops being arranged tocooperate with a camsurface at the lower end of the respective key bar. A spring 51 tendsnormally to pull each of the stops out of the ath of the correspondingsto'p arm 45 and into engagement witha stop pin 52. When any key isdepressed, however, engagement of the lower en dthereof with thellowerend of the corresponding stop causes said stop to be projectedinto the path of movement of the corresponding stop arm, wherebymovement of the shaft 31V Will be positively arrested when said shafthas been rotated an extent corresponding to the key de ressed` fr hecarrying or transfer mechanism herein shown for rotating each dial onestcp u on the 'completion of ten steps by the next dial of lowerdenomination is substantially similar to that disclosed and claimed inmy prior application for Letters Patent filed February 14, 1917, SerialNo. 148,559, the same being a variation of, or an improvement on thecarrying mechanism shown and described in Letters Patent No. 1,165,337,granted to be December 21, 1915. Except as hereinafter pointed out, andin combination with certain other parts, this mechanism specificallyforms no portion "of the present invention and is not fully illustratedin detail herein. Briefly, however, said mechanism comprises anescapement mechanism, designated Aas a whole by the numeral 53,associated with each of the dialsy except that of lower denomination,each escapement mechanism being controlled by cams 54, cam levers 55 andpallets 56 from the dial shaft of next lower denomination in such amanner that when a dial of, lower denomination has been advanced tensteps the dial of next higher denomination will be automaticallyadvanced one step. Mechanism is provided for controlling the escapementmechanism above referred in such a manner as to delay the carryingoperation until the completion of the movement of the dials b theirdirect operating means, said controliing mechanism, asmore fulldescribed in my prior applicationlast re erred to, comprisin escapementWheels 57 which coperate wit pawls or pallets 58 and are operativelyconnected with a laterally reciprocaiting bar 59 for oscillationthereby. The carry control bar 59 is guided for longitudinal movement onthe upper face of a transverse frame member 60 and is provided withslots 61 to receive guide lugs or pins 62 projecting from said framemember. yAt one end said bar59 is provided with an ear 0r bracket 63(see Fig. 6) connected by a link 64 with a pinion 65 secured to a shaft66 journaled in a bracket 67 secured to the side frame member 160. ,Thepinion 65 ,meshes with a toothed sectdr 68 on one arm cam roller,75cooperating with a cam 76.

carried by the corresponding shaft, whereby, as said shaft is'rotated asabove described, the shaft 73 will be rocked, to cause, through the arm72 and link 71, an oscillation of the segment .68 and pinion 65 and acorrespondin lon `tudinal reciprocation of the bar 59. uita le meansoperated by a hand lever 77 at the exterior of the casing may beprovided for resetting the dials 38 to zero in order to clear themachine after the computing operation. This mechanism, however, forms noportion of the present invention and may be of any usual or well knowncharacter.

Each of the dials 38 carries upon its periflihery two series of numerals78 and 79. T e numerals 78 are employed in the regular operations ofaddition and multiplication, said numerals on the several dialsoccupying 4corresponding angular positions in accordsay, for eachnumeral of a series 78, the complement of that numeral, on the basis of9, in the corresponding series 79, is ari-an ed to appeal'simultaneously therewith at t ie adjacent sight openin 42.

The primary dia s, 38, dial shafts 39, and sight openings 42 aredisposed in alinement with the several columns of ke 7s 21. Also inalinement with the several ey columns and with the Sight openings 42 isa Second parallel series or roiv of sight openings ,80 through which maybe observed numerals carried by a set of secondary or quotient dials 81.The quotient dials 81 are eo-aXially disposed with r pect to the primarydials 38, and to this nd each of said quotient dials is secured a hub 82(see Fig. 7) journaled at its opposite ends in bracket members 83 and84, respectively. The bracket member 83 is secured, as by screws 85, tothe bracket member 84, which latter is provided with depending ears 86secured by screws 87 to the 'iframe member 88, said brackets beingfurther secured to said frame member and to each other by angle plates89 (see Fig. 4) connected with said brackets and frame member by screws90. The forward end of the hub .92 is received in an opening 91 in theframe member 88 in axial alinement with the corresponding dialshaft 39.By virtue of this arrangement, it will be seen that the quotient dialmechanism may be readily removed from the machine as a unit, forpurposes of repair or otherwise, without disturbing Y the primaryregistering mechanism. A Each quotient dial 81 is provided with a stoppin 93 adapted to engage a zero stop pin 94 projecting from the bracketmember 83. Each of said dials is normally held in the zero position withits in 93 in engagement with the correspon ing zero pin 94, and in whichposition the numeral 0 thereon appears at the sight opening 80, by meansof a spring 95 secured at one end to a pin 96 projecting from the hub 82and at its opposite end to a pin 97 projecting from the bracket member83.

For the purpose of actuating the quotient dials 81 by rotating them steby step so as to cause the numerals carried thereby to appearsuccessively at the sight openings 80, the following mechanism isemployed. Slidably mounted in each of the hubs 82 is a shaft or arbor 98connected with said hub for rotation in unison therewith by-means of apin 99 carried by the shaft and engaging an interior groove 100 in thehub. Fast upon each of the shafts 98 is a ratchet wheel l 101 (see alsoFig. 5), each of said ratchet wheelshavin nine teeth spaced tocorrespond with t e numerals to 9 of the corresponding dial, and a blanktooth space 102 positioned to correspond with the dial numeral 0,whereby error in the result of damage to the mechanism, caused by an imAproper attempt to advance any dial beyond the 9 position, is prevented.Cooperating with the several ratchet wheels 101 is a series of springfingers or pawls 103 carried by a reciprocating bar 104 mounted for limited longitudinal movement on the bracket member 84, as by means of lugs105 projecting from ysaid bracket member and passing through slots 106in said bar, said bar being normally held in the retracted positionshown in Fig. 5 by a light s ring 180 (Fig. 4). The bar 104 is connecteby a link 107 with an arm 108 on a shaft 109 disposed in alinement withthe Shaft 66 and journaled'in a bracket 110 secured to the side framemember 160 adjacent the bracket 67. The shaft 109 is adapted to beoperatively connected, by means hereinafter described, with the shaft66, whereby at each operation of any of the keys of the machine (which,as above de-4 scribed, results inan oscillation of the shaft 66) the bar104 will be reciprocated to cause the pawls 103 thereon toengage andadvance the corresponding ratchets 101 and dials 81 one step. The dialsy81 are retained in the positions into which they are advanced by theirpawl and ratchet actuating mechanism by means of holding pawls 111 whicheopv erate with spaced pins 112 carried by the several dials, said pawlsbeing pivoted on cars 113 formed on the bracket member 84 and beingl hed in operative position by sprin 114. or releasing the pawls 111 topermit the springs 95 to return the quotient dials to zero position,there is provided a resetting bar 115 slidably mounted for limitedlongitudinal movement on thebracket member 84 by means oflugs 116rojecting from said bracket member an passing through slots 117` in thebar. The bar 115 is provided with a series of pins 116 adapted, as saidbar is moved longitudinally toward the right in Fig. 5, to engage andrelease all 'of the holding pawls 111. For so moving said bar, thelatter is provided at one end with an angular extension 117 constitutingan operating handle which extends through a suitably disposed slot 118in the top o the casing. Said slot is preferably closed by a plate 119carried by the handle 117*l for the urpose of excluding dirt from thecasing. he bar 115 may be, and referably is normally held in theretracte or inoperative position shown in Fig. 5 by a light spring, notshown but substantially similar to the spring 180 for retracting the bar104.

For t e purpose of connecting and disconnecting the shafts 66 and 109 inorder to render the quotient registerin mechanism operative orinoperative at wil the following means are provided, reference being hadparticularly to Figs. 4, 8, 12 and 13. Fast upon the end of the shaft 66is a disk 120 having a peripheral notch 121, while fast upon theadjacent end of the shaft 109 is a disk 122 having a correspondinglypositioned notch 123, livoted to the disk 122 is a. dog 124 carrying apin 125 adapted to engage th'e notches 121 and 123, thereby connectingthe disks and 122, and, consequently, the shafts 66 and 109, forrotation or oscillation in unison. The pin 125 extends through a slot126 in a slide 127 guided for vertical movement in keepers 128 securedto the bracket 110, said pin also extending into an vopening 129 in saidbracket. The arrangement is such that, as the slide 127 is depressedfrom the position shown in Fig. 12, the pin 125 will be caused to enterthe notches 121 and 123 to connect the parts as above described. Theslide 127 is normally held in its elevated position, as shown in Figs.12 and 13, by means of a spring 130 connected at one end to a pin 131projecting from the bracket 110, and at its opposite end 'to a pin 132carried by the slide 127 and passing through a slot 133 in said bracket,whereby said slide is further guided. The slide 127 is formed with anupward extension 134 which passes through a suitably disposed opening inthe top of the casing and is provided with a finger piece 135, saidextension and finger piece constituting a division key whereby-saidslide may be depressed' against the tension of the spring 130 to renderoperative the quotient mechanism. For the purpose of retaining thedivision key in operative or depressed' position against the tension of`the spring 130, there is provided a lock vlever 13G pivoted at 137 tothe frame member 160 and having a finger piece 138 extending through asuitably disposed slot in the top of the casing, said lever having ashoulder adapted to engage a laterally extending arm 140 on the key 134when the latter is depressed.

For the purpose of selectively connectingV the several quotient dialswith their actuating mechanism in order to render operative anypredetermined dial in accordance with the requirements, the followingmeans are provided, Disposed intermediate the several columns of thekeyboard of the machine, and between the main sight openings 42 and thequotient sight openings 80, is a series of decimal pointers 141 (Figs. 1and 7) having stems 142 which extend through slots 143 in the top of thecasing and are connected to slides 144 beneath the latter. Said slidesare provided with operating linger pieces 145 which extend through slots146 in the top of the casing, whereby said decilnal pointers 141 may bemoved from their normal inoperative position into a position between theadjacent sight openings 42, as shown in the case of the third pointerfrom the right in Fig. 1.

As above described, the shafts 98 are connected with the hubs 82 of thedial 81 for rotation in unison therewith, but are movable longitudinallywith respect to said hubs. carrying with them the ratchets 101, wherebysaid ratchets may be moved into and out of the path of movement of theoperating pawls 103. For so moving said ratchets, the shafts 9S are proded adjacent their ends with collars 147 between which and the ratchets101 are received the bifurcated ends of arms 148 (see also Fig. 5) onslides 149, each having a perforated ear 150 to receive a pin 151depending from the corresponding slide 144. Each slide 140 comprises arearwardly extending locking bar 152 guided for longitudinal movement onheaded pins 153 proJecting from brackets 154 secured to the top of thecasing, said pins passing through slots 155 in said bars. The lockingbars 152 are formed with hooked lugs 15G adapted, when said bars aremoved forwardly from the normal position shown in Fig. 7, to engage pins157 carried by the keys 21. The arm 148 and locking bar 152 of eachslide 149 are at opposite sides, respectively, of the ear 150. which isVdisposed substantially centrally of s'aid slide, the arm 148 operatingin the column at the left of the corresponding decimal pointer 141 andthe locking bar 152 operating in the column at the right thereof. Theslide 149* (see Fig. 4) at the extreme right end of the series has nolocking bar 152 (there being no key column at the right of this slide),but is guided on a stud 158 projecting from the side frame member 150.The slide 144 for operating the slide 145)a is provided with anoperating finger piece 145n (Fig. 1) similar to the finger pieces 145,but has no decimal pointer 141, the latter being unnecessary in thisposition. As will now be seen, when any finger piece 145 is operated tomove the corresponding decimal pointer 141 into operative position, thequotient dial immediately to the left of said decimal pointer will beconnected with the quotient dial operating mechanism for actuationthereby when any of the regular keys of the machine are operated, whilethe column of keys immediately at the right of said decimal pointer willbe locked against operation.

,The finger ieces 145 are so disposed as to be conveniently movable intooperative position by placing the fore-finger of the right hand in therear of the finger piece to be so moved, while placing the thumb of thesaine hand in front of the next finger piece to the left, and giving tothe thumb and forefinger a slight twist in a clockwise direction, thistwist not. only moving into operative position the right hand fingerpiece of the pair, but restoring to inoperative position the' left-handfinger piece if the latter should happen to be in operative position.

inasmuch as the figures composing the quotient are, usually less innumber than those composing the, dividend, the number ol' quotient dialsS1 may, for the sake of simplicity. be less than the number of prlmalvdials titi, and in the eight column machine herein shown seven quotientdials are provided. It will be obvious, however, that these dials ma)vbe of any desired number. 'lhe slides 144 are equal in number to thequotient dials. but, for convenience, additional decimal pointers 141aare provided between the remaining primary dials 38 and hetween theprimary dial ot' highest order and the extra dial 3S, These decimalpointers 141 are pivoted to the top of the easing and may he turned fromthe inoperatiie position shown in dotted lines at the lett iu Fig. linto the operative posltion shown in full lines therein. The decimalpointers 141 are also preferahl)I pivoted to the slides 144 h v theirstems 142, S0 that the \l may be operated in the salite manner as thepointers 141` without operating the slides 144, for convenience inmarking ofi' decimal places, or for other purposes, ain performingoperations other than division, .or even in the. latter operation undersome circumstances, as where the position of a decimal point is to beindicated and retained.

The complete operation of the machine, in performing an operation ofdivision, is as follows: Assuming` for example` that the number 725,423is to he divided by 332, the former number` constituting the dividend,is set up b v the numerals ot' the complementar v series 79 on theprimar)v dials 3B, by suitable manipulation ofI the computing kers.using the keys etuuplementary to the several numbers to he set up. aswill be under-lood hv those skilled in the art. It iS rlear thatl thetil-st sub-dividend will be T25. The third decimal marker 141 from theright in Fig. 1 is then moved into operative position. as shown in saidfigure, therelrv marking oti T225 on the primary or dividend dialsorregister. This operation eausxs the quotient dial in the fourth columnt'rom the right to be connected with its` actuating' mechanism and alsoserves to lock the regular kevs in the third column. The fingers of theoperator are then placed upon the appropriate keys (namely. the 'L" Ii."and 3f keys) in the fourth, fifth and sixth columns (corresponding tothe columns in which the sub-dividend 725 appears) and said keys arestruck twicel (332 being divisible into 725 twice) or until thesub-dividend appearing at the left o f the operated decimal pointer hasbeen diminished to an amount less than the divisor. rThis operation hascaused the fourth quotient dial to lie advanced two steps, so that thenumeral 2" appears upon the quotient.l register in the fourth column,while the remainder ot' the ysub-dividelul appearing at the left of theoperated decimal pointer will be (31, shown by the dividend register inthe fourth and fifth columns. The appropriate finger pieces 145 are thenmanipulated, above described, to restore the previously operated decimalpointer to normal position and to move the second decimal pointer fromthe right into operative position, thereby unlocking the keys in thethird column, disconnecting the fourth quotient dial from its operatingmechanism, connecting the third quotient dial to its operatingmechanism, and locking the keys in the second column. The sub-dividendnow pointed oft will he (S14. The divisor, 33:2, 1s then struck once onthe keys of the third, fourth and fifth column, whereupon the numeral 1will appear upon the quotient register in the third column, and aremainder of 282 will appear in the third, fourth and fifth columns ofthe dividend register. The next decimal marker is then moved intooperative position (the one last, used being restored), marking ofi' anew Sub-dividend of 28:22. The fingers of the operator are then moved-one column to the right and the divisor is struck eight times in thesecond, third and fourth columns` the numeral S appearing on thequotient register in the sccond column and the remainder 166 appearingon the dividend register in the second, third, and fourth columns. Thelast operated marker is then restored, and the finger piece 145l at theextreme; right is operated. The final dividend appearing on the dividenddial is 1663. Moving the fingers to the first, second and third columns,the divisor, 332, is struck five times, the numeral 5 appearing on thequotient register in the first column, and the remainder 3, appearmg onthe dividend register in the. first column. The complete quotient, 2185,will now appear on the quotient register in the first four columns.

From the foregoing itA will be seen that, the quotient dials beingdisposed in column alinement with the computingl keys and primary dials,the arrangement of the work heeonies substantially the same as thatnaturally employed in nraking similar computations with pencil andpaper. or without the use of a calculating machine, so that the mentalstrain required to correlate the. several amounts dis )layed h v thedifferent registers of the maclhine is greatly reduced with acorresponding reduction in the possibility of error. It will also beseen that the arrangement of decimal markers with respect to the severalregisters is a natural one, the corresponding decimal places in thedividend and quotient being correspondingly positioned. It will,moreover, be seen that the operation of the decimal pointers serves notonly to connect the proper quotient dial for operation but to lock thecomputing keys in the column at the right of the columns which should'be operated to produce the correct result, so that the operator, inworking from left to right in making the successive divisions is notonly .revented from inadvertently striking the reys in the wrong column,but is compelled to shift the decimal pointers at the proper time inorder to connect the proper quotient dial before moving from one columnor decimal place to the next. It will furthermore be seen that thequotient mechanism above described is of relatively simple constructionand is direct in its operation, being actuated by the same mechanismwhich controls and operates the carrying devices and which must, ofnecessity, be operated at each operation of the machine, therebyeliminating many of the parts heretofore required in machines of thischaracter, and utilizing. to a considerable extent, much of the power ofthe key struck, which, in similar machines, has heretofore gone toWaste.

The quotient dials and associated mechanism, while designed primarilyfor use in performing operations. of division, as above explained, arenot limited in their utility to this purpose, being also useful for thepurpose of checking operations of multiplication` by employing them toregister the multiplier, or the number of times the multiplicand isstru/'k in the several columns in accordance with the usual method ofperforming multiplication on machines of this type.

These and other benefits and advantages of the invention, will, however,be readily apparent to those skilled in the art Without furtherexplanation.

I claim l. In a calculating machine, the combination of a series otregistering devices, a series of columns of keys for actuating therespective registering devices, devices for individuallyr setting therespective registering devices in condition for operation, and divisionmarkers operatively connected to the respective setting devices, eachdivision marker being movable into a position to mark its respectivecolumn of keys and operative by such movementl to connect for operationthe appropriate registering device for the column ot keys thus marked.

2. In a calculating machine, in combination. a series of quotient dials,key actuated operating means therefor and means for connecting anddisconnecting said dials with respect to said operating means and aseries of division markers arranged adjacent to the respective dials andcoperative with said connecting means, said markers being operativetoindividually connect the dii'erent dials for operation by saidoperating means.

3. In a calculating machine, in combination, a series of primaryregistering devices, a series of secondary registering devices, each ofsaid secondary registering devices being in column alinement with one ofsaid primary registering devices, and devices arranged between thecolumns for controlling the operation of the individual secondaryregistering devices.

4. In a calculating machine, in combination, a series of prnnary dials,a series of quotient dials, each of said quotient dials being in columnalinement with one of said primary dials, operating means for saidquotient dials, and a series of controlling members arranged between thecolumns each acting directly to operatively connect an adjacentquotientdial with said operating means independently of the others` 5.In a calculating machine, in combinaA tion, a series of primaryregistering devices, a series of secondary registering devices, each ofsaid secondary registering devices being in column alinement with one ofsaid primary registering devices, a series of decimal pointers disposedbetween the columns, and means o )erable with said decimal pointers forcontrolling the operation of the individual secondary registeringdevices.

C. In a calculating machine. in combination, a series of primaryregistering devices.

a series of secondary registering devices. each of said Secondaryregistering devices being in column alinement with one of said primaryregistering devices, a series of decimal pointers disposed between thecolumns, slides by which said decimal pointers are carried, fingerpieces for operating said slides, and means operated by said slides forcontrolling the operation of the individual secondary' registeringdevices.

7. In a calculating machine, in combination, a series of registeringdevices, a plurality of keys for operating the same. and means forselectively controlling the operation of said registering devices andfor simultaneously locking certain of said keys.

8. In a calculating machine, in combination, registering dials, keycontrolled mechanism for actuating the dials, a movable decimal pointer,dial selecting mechanism, key lockin mechanism, and means common to saiddecimal ointer, dial selectin mechanism, and key ocking mechanism iiiroperating the same.

9. In a calculating machine, in combination, a plurality of keys, aplurality of registerin devices controlled by said keys, movab e decimalpointers, devices for selectively rendering operative certain of saidregistering devices, devices for selectivelyy locking said keys, and aseries of control,- ling members each operativelyy connected with one ofsaid decimal pointers and with one each of said selective devices.

10. In a calculating machine, in combinallt) tion, a series of keys, aseries of rimary rc Iistei'iiig devices controlled by said keys, aseries of secondary registering devices operable iii conjunction withsaid primary registering devices, said elements being arranged incolumns each including a plurality of keys, one of said primaryregistering devices, and one of said secondary registering devices, andmeans for controlling the operation of the secondary registering devicesand for simultaneously locking certain of said keys.

l1. In a calculating machine, in combination, a plurality of columns ofkeys, a series of registering devices corresponding respectively to theseveral columns, a series of iii-.iiiually operated memberscorresponding respectively to the several iegiste1iiig de-" vices forconnectingr the saine, one at a time, for actuation by said keys, andmeans operable by said members for locking a column' of keys one step inadvance of the registering device actuated.

12. In a calculating machine, in combination, a series of keys, a seriesof primary registering devices, a series of secondary registeringdevices operable in conjunction with. said primary registeringdevices,said elements being arranged in lumns each including a plurality ofkeys, one of said primary registering devices, and one of secondaryregistering devices, and means for rendering operative the secondaryregistering device in any desired column and for simultaneously lockingthe keys in another coluiiiii.

13. In a calculating machine, in combination, a series of keys, a seriesof primary registering devices of successive orders, a series ofsecondary registering devices of corresponding orders, said elementsbeing arranged iii columns each including a plurality of keys, one ofsaid primary registering devices, and the secondary registering deviceof the same order, and devices disposed between said columns and eachoperable to render operative the secondary registering device in tliecolumn of next higher order and simultaneously to lock the keys in thecolumn of next lower order.

14. In a calculating machine, in combination, a series of keys, a seriesof primary registering devices of successive orders, a series ofsecondary registering devices of corresponding orders, said elementsbeing arranged in columns each including a plurality of keys, one ofsaid primary registering devices, and the secondary registerin device ofthe same order, a series of decima pointers disposed between thecolumns, slides by which said decimal pointers are carried, fingerpieces for operating said,| slides, means operated by each of saidslides to render operative the secondary register- ,the operation of thedevices, respectively, erated by ach of said members for locking all ofthe keys in one of said columns.

' operating with said ratchets,

in device in the column of next higher or er, and means operated by eachof said slides for locking the keys in the column of next lower order.

15. In a calculating machine, in combination, a series of keys, a seriesof i'iinary registerin devices controlled by said keys, a series osecondary registering devices operable in conjunction with said primaryregistering devices, said elements being arranged in columns eachincluding a plurality of keys, one of said primary register- 'ngdevices, and one of said secondary registering devices, members forcontrolling secondary registering and a locking bar op- 16. In acalculating machine, in combination, a series of quotient dials, areciprocatory member constituting a common actuator for said dials, anddevices adjustable relatively to the respective dials and to saidreciprocatory member to individually conneet the respective dials tosaid-actuator.

1-7. In a calculating machine, in combination, a series vof registeringdevices, ratchets for operating the same, respectively, a reciprocatingbar, and pawls carried by said bar for actuatin said ratchets, saidratchets being individua ly and selectively movable into and out of thepaths of movement of said pawls.

18. In a calculating machine, in combination, computing keys, a seriesof sliiftable decimal pointers, a corresponding series ot re -steringdials, a corresponding series of shiftable ratchets having rotatableconnection with said dials, respectively, a correspondin series of keylocks, and manually operate means for moving as a unit each of saiddecimal pointers and the corresponding ratchets and key lock.

19. In a calculating machine, in combination, a series of registeringdials, coaxial shafts connected thereto for rotation in imisontherewith, ratchets carried by said shafts, a reciprocating bar, andpawls carried by said bar for actuating said ratchets, respectively,said shafts being longitudinally movable in said dials to carry saidratchets into and out of the paths said pavvls. C

20. In a calculating machine, in combination, a series of quotientdials, ratchets carried by said dials respectively, a reciprocating bar,pawls carried by said bar and cozero stops for said dials, means on saiddials for engaging said stops, springs for normally holding saidengaging means in engagement with said stops, holding pawls forretaining said dials in the positions into which they are advanced bysaid first named pawls and of movement of` bar having ratchets, and areciprocating u f easing a o holding paWls for retaining said dials inthe positions into which they are advanced by said first named pawls andratchets, and a second reciprocating bar having means for engaging andreleasing all of said holding pawls.

22. In a calculating machine, the combination with primary registeringmechanism including carrying mechanisms and a reciprocatory controlmember common to said carrying mechanisms, of secondary registeringmechanism having operative connection with said control member of thecarrying mechanisms for actuation therebya 23. In a. calculatingmachine, the combination with primary registering mechanism includingcarrying mechanisms and control means common to such carrying mechanismsof secondary registering mechanism, and means for detachably connectingsaid secondary registering mechanism with said control means for thecarrying mechanisms for actuation thereby.

24. In a calculating machine, in combination, a series of primaryregistering devices, a parallel series of secondary registering devices,carrying mechanisms forV said primary registering devices including amember common to all of said devices and extending across the series,operating means for said secondary registering devices including amember common to all of said last named devices and extending across theseries, and a common actuator for said members.

25. In a calculating machine, in combination, a plurality of columns ofkeys, a series of primary registering devices arranged in alinement withthe several key columns, respectively, a parallel series otf secondaryregistering devices disposed respectively in alinement with the severalkey columns and primary registering devices, operating mechanism forsaid primary registering devices whereby each of said devices may beoperated by any of the keys in the corresponding column, said mechanismincluding a common carry control ban extending across the series andmeans for actuating said bar, ratchets for operating said secondaryregistering devices, respectively, an operating bar common to all ofsaid last named devices, extending across the series thereofsubstantially parallel to said carry control bar and operativelyconnected with said actuating means, and pawls carried by said bar andcoperating with said ratchets, said ratchets being severally movableinto and out of the paths of movement of said pawls.

26. In a calculating machine, in combination, keys, primary registeringmechanism operative by the keys, quotient mechanism, an operatin membertherefor, a single actuator for sai operating member actuated by thekeys, and a division key and connections for operatively connecting anddisconnecting said member and actuator.

27'. In a calculating machine, in combination, primary registeringmechanism including carrying mechanism and an actuator therefor,quotient mechanism, an `operating member for said quotient mechanism,and a division key and connections for operatively connecting anddisconnecting said operating member and actuator.

28. In a calculating machine, in combination, a series of quotientdials, a common operating member therefor, each of said dials havingYadjustable means for operatively connecting'the 'saine with saidoperating member, a single actuatorfor said operating member, and adivision key and connections for operatively connecting anddisconnecting said member and actuator.

29. In a calculating machine, in combination, a plurality of keyoperated rock shafts, an actuator common to said shafts, a supplementaryactuator operated by said first named actuator, a series of registeringdevices each having a ratchet operatively connected thereto, manuallyoperated means for operatively connecting or disconnecting saidactuators, and Imanually operated means to make operative connectionbetween said supplementary actuator and said ratchets.

30. In a calculating machine, the combination with primary registeringmechanism and quotient mechanism, of operating means for the quotientmechanism including tivo alined rock shafts, one of which is driven fromthe primary mechanism and the other of which is adapted t0 actuate thequotient mechanism, a division key, and means controlled by said key foroperatively connecting and disconnecting said rock shafts to render saidquotient mechanism operative or inoperative.

31. In a calculating machine, in combination, a series of primaryregistering devices, a parallel series of secondary registering devices,carrying mechanism for said primary registering devices including amember common to all of said devices and extending across the series,operating means for said secondary registering devices including amember common to all of said last named devices and extending across theseries, alincd rock shafts, to which said members are operativelyconnected!` respectively, und manually operated means for connecting anddisconnectingr said rock shafts.

3Q. In a calculating machine, the combination with quotient mechanism,of operating means therefor including two alined roc( shafts and meansfor operatively connecting and disconnecting said rock shafts to rendersaid quotient mechanism operative or inop erative, said means includinga notched disk on each of said shafts, a pin movable into and out of thenotches in said disks, and a division .key for operating said in.

33. In a calculating machine, t e combination with quotient mechanism,of operating means therefor including two alined rock shafts and meansfor operatively connecting and disconnecting said shafts to render thequotient mechanism operative or inoperative, said means including anotched disk on each of said shafts, a dog pivoted to one of said disksand provided with a pin movable into and out of the notches in both ofsaid disks, a slide havin a slot to receive said pin, and a division eyfor operating said slide.

34. In a calculating machine, in combination, quotient mechanism, anoperating member therefor, an actuator for said operating member, adivision key and connections for operatively connecting anddisconnecting said member and actuator, a spring for normally holdingsaid key in disconnecting position, and a lever for locking said key inconnecting position.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

JAMES F. MAYS. Witnesses:

SAM J. SMrrH, JN0. H. Mom.

